Computer Vision
What is Computer Vision?
Computer Vision (CV) is a branch of AI that enables computers to see, understand, and interpret images and videos, just like humans use their eyes and brain.
Example:
- Face Unlock in smartphones
- Self-driving cars identifying traffic signs
- Google Lens recognizing objects
Key Idea:
Input: Image or Video
Processing: AI analyzes the image
Output: Identification or decision
Computer Vision vs Image Processing
Computer Vision Image Process
Focuses on understanding the image. Focuses on improving or modifying the image.
Uses AI to identify objects, faces, etc. Changes image quality, size, color, etc.
Answers: "What is in the image?" Answers: "How can the image be improved?
Example: Face recognition Example: Brightness adjustment
Example:
- Image Processing: Removing noise from a photo.
- Computer Vision: Identifying the person in the photo.
Applications of Computer Vision
Face Recognition
What it does:
Identifies a person by analyzing facial features.
Why is it Computer Vision?
Because the system looks at a face image and recognizes who the person is.
Examples:
- Face Unlock
- Attendance Systems
Self-Driving Cars
What it does:
Detects roads, traffic signs, pedestrians, and vehicles.
Why is it Computer Vision?
Because the car analyzes camera images and understands its surroundings.
Medical Image Analysis
What it does:
Detects diseases from X-rays, MRI scans, and CT scans.
Why is it Computer Vision?
Because AI examines medical images and identifies abnormalities.
Security and Surveillance
What it does:
Monitors people and activities using CCTV cameras.
Why is it Computer Vision?
Because the system analyzes video footage and detects suspicious activities.
Optical Character Recognition (OCR)
What it does:
Converts printed or handwritten text from images into editable text.
Why is it Computer Vision?
Because the system reads and understands text present in images.
Example:
- Google Lens
- Document Scanners
Agriculture Monitoring
What it does:
Detects crop diseases and monitors plant growth.
Why is it Computer Vision?
Because AI analyzes images of crops and identifies problems.
Computer Vision Tasks
Computer Vision tasks help a computer understand what is present in an image.
A. Image Classification (Single Object)
What is it?
The AI identifies what object is present in the image.
Output:
Only the object name (label).
Example:
Image of a Cat
Output: Cat
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Difference:
Object Detection Instance Segmentation
Draws boxes around objects Marks exact shape of objects
Less detailed More detailed
2. Basics of an Image
What is an Image?
An image is made up of tiny dots called Pixels.
Example:
Like a mosaic made of thousands of tiny squares.
3. Pixel
What is a Pixel?
Pixel (Picture Element) is the smallest unit of a digital image.
Important Point:
Every image contains millions of pixels.
4. Resolution
What is Resolution?
Resolution is the number of pixels in an image.
Formula:
Resolution = Width × Height
Example:
1920 × 1080 pixels
Key Point:
Higher Resolution = Better Image Quality
5. Pixel Value
What is Pixel Value?
A pixel value represents the brightness or color of a pixel.
Range:
0 to 255
Value Meaning
0 Black
255 White
Between 0-255 Shades of Gray
6. Grayscale Images
What is a Grayscale Image?
An image that contains only shades of gray.
Pixel Range:
0 – 255
Examples:
- Black-and-white photos
- X-ray images
Advantages:
✔ Smaller size
✔ Faster processing